The Issues Of Male Sexuality - 2425 Words

Issues in Male Sexuality Introduction A series of themes have driven sex surveys during the twentieth century, reflecting concerns at the time and usually aimed at solving a problem of one kind or another. The relevant concerns, which have overlapped and interacted to varying degrees include concern about male masturbation, the declining birth rate, the need for good sex education to counter bad influences, the need to improve marital sex and thus improve marriage, concern that the lower social classes were having more children than the middle classes, the sexual revolution and subsequent increase in marital sex, the harmful effects of premarital sex on marriage, teenage pregnancies or sexually transmitted diseases. A well†¦show more content†¦Sexuality varies as your marriage develops. Since strong sexual attraction is generally a vital bonding component early in relations, sexual variations are every so often seen unwanted. More than a few males have sensual hardships. These problems become more common when they grow old. Such problems comprise of: erectile dysfunction, reduces or lost interest in sex, problems with ejaculation, loss of libido and low testosterone (Acton, 2013). A sexual dysfunction is a sequence that inhibits the mates or rather individual from the bodily performance. It comprises of exhilaration, orgasm, period and resolve points. There are varied sorts of sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction withdrawn sexual needs, and ejaculation. The dysfunction has both biological and emotional sources. Bodily causes comprise of diabetes, illness of the heart, nervous desires, and hormonal disproportions, chronic ailments like kidney failure, and drunkenness or drug abuse. Psychosomatic sources on the other hand include job connected stress, nervousness, worry about sexual presentation, erectile dysfunction and withdrawn sexual craving. Erectile dysfunction is the lack of capacity to uphold an erection that is well proper for the sexual interaction. It is produced by ailments that have an effect on the flow of blood such as nerve conditions,

The Anatomy Of Religion By Anthony Wallace - 1378 Words

In his article â€Å"The Anatomy of Religion†, Anthony Wallace discussed how certain behavior can be considered as religious behavior. In this article, he named thirteen different behavior that are religious. While not all the thirteen behavior are going to be observed in every religion, but it is certain that many of them will be observed in every religion. It is also important to note that some of these behaviors are more obvious in certain religions. For example, one of the behavior is sacrifice. This behavior can be observed differently in Christianity and voodoo; in voodoo people sacrifice goats or chickens while Christians gives offerings at church. The Rastafarian movement of Jamaica is one of the youngest religion practiced; it is not even an hundred years old. For religion that is so young, it is understandable that not a lot people know what the religion is about; certain people don’t even know that it is a religion. For some people, when they hear Rastafari t hey only think about Bob Marley. Using the Wallace’s essay, the Rastafarian movement of Jamaica can be analyzed. One of the religious behavior mentioned by Wallace is the act of addressing the super natural most known in a Christian society as prayer. Just like Christians, Rastafarians also pray, they also address the supernatural. In everything they do, they say a prayer. For example before smoking ganja, it is possible that some of them say a little prayer. ButShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastafarianism is an absurd religion include: 1. Rastafarianism has been around for only about seventy years. Yet in that time it has gained inexplicable fame around the world, boasting converts from all races and nationalities. 2. Adherents of the faith appear to be relatively small in number. One study suggests that less than one percent of Jamaicans describe themselves as Rastafarians. Yet the average non-Jamaican assumes that Rastafarianism is the national religion of Jamaica. 3. Rastas believeRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesAccounting Principles, 9th Edition_Jerry J. Weygandt, Paul D. Kimmel, Donald E. Kieso (TB) Accounting Research Tools and Strategies, 7th Edition_Thomas R. Weirich, Thomas C. Pearson, Natalie Tatiana Churyk (ISM) Accounting Text and Cases, 13e_Robert N. Anthony,David F. Hawkins,Kenneth A. Merchant (ISM) Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making , 5th Edition_Paul D. Kimmel, Jerry J. Weygandt, Donald E. Kieso (SM+TB) Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making, 4th Edition,Kimmel, Weygandt, KiesoRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse EmployeesRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesGiertz, Parkland College; Don Hantula, St. Joseph’s University; Milton Alexander, Auburn University; James F. Cashman, University of Alabama; Douglas Wozniak, Ferris State University; Greg Bach, Bismark State College; Glenna Dod, Wesleyan College; Anthony McGann, University of Wyoming; Robert D. Nale, Coastal Carolina University; Robert H. Votaw, Amber University; Don Fagan, Daniel Webster University; Andrew J. Deile, Mercer University; Samuel Hazen, Tarleton State University; Michael B. McCormick

Principles of Valuation for Professionalism-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Valuation for Public and Professionalism. Answer: Introduction A land is an immovable object, and for it to become productive, it requires the input of capital and labor. Determination of the value of the land, the market value, and the highest and best use is vital in the valuation process. This paper, therefore, discusses this factors and how they influence the property and land use. Steps a valuer must take when accepting a matter It is important for a valuer to determine and evaluate the value of something before getting into an agreement. Valuers should maintain high standards of integrity and honesty at all times. Their activities also should not be detrimental to their clients as well as to the public, professionalism, and their national valuation body. When accepting a matter, therefore, its crucial to follow the following steps; The valuer should first correctly identify the problem before entering into an agreement or accepting the assignment. He/she should be sure that they have the experience, skills, and knowledge to handle the assignment competently. Should then prepare a work file for the assignment. The work file should be retained even after completion of the assignment for a minimum of three years. Disclosure or a valuation report should be developed and the opinions, analyses, and conclusions communicated to the users. Should have a copy of a confirmation of the clients instructions. Should have sufficient documentation and file notes that substantiate the valuation regarding the inquiry, calculations, deductions, and objective comparison. Finally, the valuer should possess a copy of a report prepared or a copy of each valuation (Millington, 2013) and provide a well-researched, honest, and realistic market appraisal of the property. Difference between the Spencers and IVSC definition of market value From Spencers case, the market value can be defined as the estimated amount that a property should exchange on the exact date of valuation. The transaction should be between a willing seller and a willing buyer. A proper marketing should as well be involved, and the parties should act prudently, knowledgeable, and without compulsion. There is a difference between desiring to sell and willing to sell. These two should be distinguished and never be confused. Normally, it is important to determine the test of the value of land. Even in instances that there is a willing seller but no willing buyer at the moment, the property cannot be described to lose value. The IVSC definition The IVSC borrowed so much from Spencer their definition. The definition involves exchange of an asset on a particular day, without compulsion, after proper marketing, in an arms-length transaction, and both parties should be acting knowledgeably. Difference Market value according to the IVSC offers a broad definition as compared to Spencers. It includes assets in its definition which thereby covers some items apart from the land. These could include; license rights, company shares as well as the capital equipment. Spencer definition includes the concept of highest and best use of the property/land, but the IVSC does not expressly mention this concept. However, its argued the fact that the definition includes the concept of both parties acting knowledgeably, then in one way or another, they could be aware of the highest and legal use of the property in question. The Spencer definition assumes that the parties involved are not coerced either are they over-anxious, and the negotiations are amicable, but these are not stipulated in IVCS definition. The concept of market value gives individuals an opportunity to value their assets in a competitive (Parker, 2016) and open market. Inherent and external features of land Inherent features of land arise directly usually from the land in itself, and they are factors of value. It is important to put these inherent factors into consideration while performing the valuation of a land. Land area shape, as well as, size is one such factor that is very vital. For instance, if one piece of land is significantly larger than another, then it stands a better chance of rating higher and having much more worth. Even given that all other land factors are equal and remain constant, a parcel measuring 15 meters by 40 meters, for example, is of greater value compared to a piece of land measuring 10 meters by 40 meters. Pieces of land giving wider frontiers usually receive greater emphasis, particularly with project builders. Topography (steepness, creeks, rock shelves, and trees) as well plays a crucial role in determining the value of land as it contributes to the added cost of construction. Other inherent factors influencing the land value are; the soil and subsoil ( sand, clay, and rock), location/position of the land (semi-slum or sought-after area), and views such as harbor and river, sea and beach, parks and golf courses, and the landscape (Xiao et al., 2006). These features determine the value of the land significantly. External features External features typically involve those factors that are outside the land parameters. Usually, they are found in the neighborhood, nation, or state and do affect the land value. These factors include; the distance to amenities, the surrounding environment, the conditions and nature of the streets, services availability, and the access rates. The more developed the surrounding area is, the more the land will value higher. This is true for all other features. Typically, the external features are more dynamic as they keep on changing from time to time as compared to the inherent features. Highest and best use Highest and best use is a key appraisal as well as a zoning principle that is normally employed in valuing a property or a parcel of land. The value and the use of property or land are linked closely and therefore, what results in a propertys or lands present value, is its highest and best use. In turn, the net return of the greatest value is achieved for over a given period as well as for the foreseeable future given its within the applicable constrains. The term is employed in a probable, reasonable, and legal use of either an improved property/land or a vacant land which is appropriately supported, financially feasible, and physically possible and should result in highest value (Oprescu et al., 2014). The highest value for an improved land is different from a vacant land and it should, therefore, include the community development goals and contribution to the community by a specific use. Appraisers analytical skills and judgment (their opinion) has a great implication on this conc ept. It has to identify the motivations of probable purchasers putting into consideration the benefits that normally accrue to property ownership. The market value of a land is primarily established through the laws of supply and demand. Both price expectations of a buyer and a seller are crucial in determining the value of a parcel of land or any other property. Both the buyer and the seller play a vital role in the subjective concept of market value. It becomes critical, therefore, for purchasers to analyze the most profitable use of the land either in a vacant state or an improved state. It is also important to understand that the highest and best use of a land or any other property for that matter, can be as a result of a class of uses rather than for a specific use. Conclusion Valuation of a land is important in determining the annual returns. Determination of the market value as well as a significant role to play in the whole concept of the principles of land and property valuation. Its, therefore, important to understand all these variables and how they affect the highest value of the land. References Millington, A. (2013). An introduction to property valuation. Taylor Francis. Oprescu, C., Buse, L., Ganea, M. (2014). Highest and Best Use Problems in Market Value Appraisals (No. eres2014_230). European Real Estate Society (ERES). Parker, D. (2016). Market Value. International Valuation Standards: A Guide to the Valuation of Real Property Assets, 3-35. Xiao, J., Shen, Y., Ge, J., Tateishi, R., Tang, C., Liang, Y., Huang, Z. (2006). Evaluating urban expansion and land use change in Shijiazhuang, China, by using GIS and remote sensing. Landscape and urban planning, 75(1), 69-80.

Understanding of Buyers Behavior

Executive Summary The main purpose of this report is to understand the consumer buying behavior. The findings that were noted are that a consumer has diverse requirements and wishes.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding of Buyers’ Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marketers should search for relationships between their products and lifestyle group, for example for a middle-aged she would prioritize her needs to cosmetic surgery this is to enable her to feel like she is still young and the lowest need being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectable manner she would only prioritize on cosmetic surgery, eye surgery and laser skin treatment. And The old lady, she would prioritized her options to eye surgery to avoid wearing glasses, followed by the laser skin treatments to prevent her from looking too old and avoid the wrinkles f rom appearing Thus, buyers with different ages have different needs and spend different amounts on necessities and non necessities. Thus, the marketer should have be able to know the target market of its product and ways in which he/ she could attract these markets e.g. the could be able to attract consumers through promotions like bonus packs to prompt the consumers to buy and perhaps buy more than they otherwise would. Introduction Consumer behavior is a rational psychological process which allows consumers to critically evaluate their purchase options with the aim of justifying the reasons behind their purchases in order to maximize their own satisfaction. Consumer behavior involves on how consumers decide whether or not to purchase a product. The consumers’ decision is usually based on consumers decision making process with respect to understanding what the consumer wants, consumption and disposition of goods and services, activities, decision-making units ( overtime) (Ko tler 2003, 12). Consumer behavior means more than just the way that a person buys tangible goods; it also includes consumers’ use of services, activities experiences, and ideas. Marketers are very concerned with the manner in which consumers buy products and services. However, marketers are also intensely interested in consumer related to using and disposing of a product.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This include; acquisition – the process by which a consumer comes to own the product; usage- the process by which a consumer uses the product; and disposition – the process by which a consumer discards a product (Porter 1990, 8). The sequence of acquisition, consumption and disposition can occur over time in a dynamic order. Entire markets are designed around linking one consumer’s disposition decision to the customers’ acquisition decision s, for instance, when consumers buy used cars they are buying cars that others have disposed of and should be aware of it. Body modification Some of the image altering options reflecting the variety of behaviors by the illustration were: body art for fashion (tattooing and piercing); cultural body art as a reflection of ethnicity; myriad services of cosmetic enhancement- laser skin treatments for wrinkles and hair; Botox, collagen, cosmetic dentistry; body contouring using systems such as endermologie; eye surgery instead of using glasses; cosmetic dentistry i.e. veneers and whitening; and cosmetic surgery. Marketers have to identify its customer’s reference group so as to meet the customer demands. A referenced groups influence on particular individuals varies depending on particular products and brands therefore in some instances the influence of this group may either be significant or insignificant. Reference groups appear to influence both product and brand choice strongl y e.g. Some consumers have body parts pierced as a form of self expression, while others do it to fit into a group, still others believe that body piercing is a form of beauty or that it enhances sexual pleasure. individuals often purchase goods and services that reflect their particular age at the time of purchase. With time, consumers buy different products and services that would best suite them that time. For example where, for a female teenager she would be more concerned with her appearance be fascinated with tattooing and piercing for beauty as well as cosmetic surgery during her teenage years, but during her middle aged when she is more mature she tends to be concerned about how her appearance will influence her children, as a mature lady and responsible and respectable lady.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding of Buyers’ Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People tend to relate w hat they believe in and how the behave with the groups they are associated with. The groups play a very big role as they tend to introduce individuals to new practices and lifestyle, they also influence the behavior expressed by an individual while they also demand a compliance of the stipulated practices. Interview Results AGE/GROUP OPTIONS TEENAGER( 16- 24) MIDDLE AGE WOMAN(33-46) OLD LADY ( 50 AND ABOVE) Cosmetic surgery 3 10 7 Tattoo piercing 10 3 1 Eye surgery 6 7 10 Laser skin treatments 2 7 9 Cosmetic surgery i.e. whitening 8 6 5 Collagen 4 6 8 Note: Each attribution is related from 0 to 10, where 10 represent the highest level. For the teenager she was more into her appearance where the highest level was in tattooing and piercing for beauty as well as cosmetic surgery, such as whitening and the lowest being laser skin treatments since their skins have not been affected by the toxins of the cosmetics and now that she is young she will not be needing the skin laser treatments. For the middle aged, her highest level was cosmetic surgery this is to enable her to feel like she is still young and the lowest rank being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectable manner she would only prioritize on cosmetic surgery, eye surgery and laser skin treatment. The old lady, she prioritized her options to eye surgery to avoid wearing glasses, followed by the laser skin treatments to prevent her from looking too old and avoid the wrinkles from appearing. Once a consumer is in position to earn an attractive amount of money, he/she will be attempted to buy expensive products as opposed to a consumer who is earning very little who will only buy cheap products because that is what they can afford. (Lancaster Withey 2006, 45) explain that economic situation of an individual influences on an individual’s power attitude toward spending versus saving. Society is made up people with different so cial classes. These classes mostly are defined in terms of status, wealth, living condition among other factors. the society has the upper class these are the rich who are regarded to have too much wealth at their dispose, then there are those who define as the middle class who earn average income while the low class are the poor who have very little wealth at their disposal. Depending on which class a consumer is from, it is always going to influence their being decision that why an individual from the upper class social status will always buy good in bulk because they can afford to pay for them while the low class consumer will only buy goods that will presently be of use because that’s only what they can afford (Ford 1990, 322; Waterschoot and van den Bulte 1992, 88).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis and Comparison of results Consumer behavior does not necessarily reflect the action of a single individual, a group of friends, coworkers, or an entire family may have an impact on the decision making of the individual and their attitudes towards the product. However, some decisions about whether to acquire, use, or dispose of a product are related to personal goals, safety concerns or desire to reduce economic, social or psychological risk. There are several factors that may influence buyer behavior which include; Culture Every individual is a member of a particular cultural group or society. Depending on the cultural practices of that particular society, an individual is likely to be influenced while purchasing a product or service because of the cultural practices present. Culture can be defined as the beliefs of a group of people how they behave, and their thoughts about various subjects. For example when a child is growing up, what the child learns from the parents and other individual relating to the child like teachers, friends, and family members would likely influence the child’s behavior as he/she grows up. That’s why people of different cultural societies end up purchasing goods and services because of the influence they have from their cultural background. Within the cultural factors lies sub factors which also influence buyer’s behavior. In each cultural group there is a sub division of a group of people having the same kind of behavior and share values based on one common belief. According to Anderson (1982, 14) he states that the sub cultural divisions are very important market segments as their provide markets to programs that are set up to meet their needs. Marketers are then encouraged to come up with products that best satisfy the needs of the people in a particular geographic group. Another sub factor is social class. The society is made up people with different social classes. These classes mostly are defined in terms of status, wealth, living condition among other factors. the society has the upper class these are the rich who are regarded to have too much wealth at their dispose, then there are those who define as the middle class who earn average income while the low class are the poor who have very little wealth at their disposal. Depending on which class a consumer is from, it is always going to influence their being decision that why an individual from the upper class social status will always buy good in bulk because they can afford to pay for them while the low class consumer will only buy goods that will presently be of use because that’s only what they can afford. Marketers mostly choose to design products once they are sure of the kind of social class they are targeting. Clearly classification of social classes creates a distinct position in which products and services are designed and branded from clothing, home furnishings, leisure activities and automobiles Some mark eters focus on their efforts on one social class thus products will not sale to the market as anticipated Social factors How a consumer behaves is also influenced by various social factors such as; Reference groups These are groups that have some kind of influence on a person’s attitude or behavior. The influence may be direct or indirect. For example groups formed by leaders may influence the opinion of their followers, religious leaders and church groups may influence what the congregation believes in; the artists may influence their funs and so on. People tend to relate what they believe in and how the behave with the groups they are associated with. The groups play a very big role as they tend to introduce individuals to new practices and lifestyle, they also influence the behavior expressed by an individual while they also demand a compliance of the stipulated practices. These groups put pressure on the consumer consent and influence on the choice of product and service purchase (Kotler 1999, 102). Marketers have to identify its customer’s reference group so as to meet the customer demands. A referenced groups influence on particular individuals varies depending on particular products and brands therefore in some instances the influence of this group may either be significant or insignificant. Reference groups appear to influence both product and brand choice strongly e.g. Some consumers have body parts pierced as a form of self expression, while others do it to fit into a group, still others believe that body piercing is a form of beauty or that it enhances sexual pleasure. Family Most people base their buying decision based on if it would be of use to the family members. Families are considered as one of the most important buying units within the economy and therefore of great importance to marketers. Marketers through conducting research can effectively know which role each and every member of the family plays as far as consumer behavior is concerned. That is why the marketers have to be aware of the person who has the most influence in determining product choice. If for example the woman has the most influence then marketers would use various ways to attract that market. Roles and statuses A role can be explained as a set of various activities a person is required to carry out within the society. Each role is determined by the individual’s status. Most people will choose products that communicate their role and status in the society, for instance the middle aged her highest level was cosmetic surgery this is to enable her to feel like she is still young and the lowest rank being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectable manner. Koontz Weihrich (2009, 59) suggest that marketers are well aware of the role which status influences the nature of purchases conducted within the society. Personal factors A consumer judgment to buy a product can also be sub jective on individual traits. These characteristics may include: Age: Individuals often purchase goods and services that reflect their particular age at the time of purchase. With time, consumers buy different products and services that would best suite them that time. for example where, for a female teenager she would be more concerned with her appearance be fascinated with tattooing and piercing for beauty as well as cosmetic surgery during her teenage years, but during her middle aged when she is more mature she tends to be concerned about how her appearance will influence her children, as a mature lady and responsible and respectable lady. Occupation and economic circumstances An individual’s occupation or line of work also influences the nature of purchase that he/she is involved in and therefore often marketers use this fact to market various products. A teenager will buy cheap cosmetics while a middle aged lady will likely buy more expensive cosmetics. Products alterna tives are greatly influenced by the economic state of affairs that a consumer is exposed to. Once a consumer is in position to earn an attractive amount of money, he/she will be attempted to buy expensive products as opposed to a consumer who is earning very little who will only buy cheap products because that is what they can afford. (Lancaster Withey 2006, 45) explain that economic situation of an individual influences on an individual’s power attitude toward spending versus saving. Marketers usually use research data on personal income, savings and interest rates while designing products so that they can effectively segment, place and target specific consumers. When there is an economic recession hit the commercial world marketers were force to redesign products so that more affordable products could be made available to consumers. Lifestyle How a person chooses to live is defined as lifestyle. An Individuals living lifestyle is articulated in the various activities, inte rest and opinions that surround his/her daily livelihood. Marketers look at what relationship their product has to a person lifestyle. For example, cosmetic manufactures produce products that are beauty oriented. The marketer target individuals who are cautious about their image and thus his goal are to design a brand that is a direct reflection the lifestyle of various individuals. Personality and self- concept Different people have different personalities. Depending on the situation an individual is said to posses’ different personality traits. Personality can be a great influence to a consumer while deciding to purchase a product. For example, a cosmetic company might discover that many prospectors show high self- confidence, dominance and beauty. This suggests designing the cosmetic advertisement to appeal to these traits. Marketers also try to develop brands images that match the target market’s self image. Consumers must decide whether to acquire, use or dispose of an offering. They may need to decide whether to spend or save their money when they earn extra cash. How much they decide to spend may be influenced by their perceptions of how much they recall spending in the past (Charles et al 2009, 127). Psychological factors How an individual chooses to buy a product is influenced by four major psychological factors namely: Motivation In a given period of time as an individual there are many needs that one has. There are theories that tend to explain more about human motivation. Some are as follows: Sigmund Freud motivation theory: This theory assumes that the psychological factors influencing individuals actions are mainly unaware, and that an individual cannot comprehensively appreciate his impulses, for instance the middle aged her highest level was cosmetic surgery this is to make her feel like she is still young and the lowest rank being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectabl e manner she would only prioritize on cosmetic surgery, eye surgery and laser skin treatment (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987, 17). Laddering is a method which can be used to accurately determine a person’s motivations that influence his behavior. Then marketing experts can make important strategic decisions that are involved with the design of messages that appeal to consumers. Maslow’s theory: This theory classifies needs into: psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs with the highest level being self actualization needs. Maslow suggests that individuals will attempt to cater for their most important needs first. When an individual achieves certain needs within this hierarchy these needs will no longer motivate them and therefore will move forward to cater for other needs which motivate him most. Maslow’s theory assists marketers understand how plans, goals and motives are the main reason behind purchases made by co nsumers. Herzberg’s theory: â€Å"Fredrick Herzberg came up with the factor theory that differentiates issues causing discontent from the satisfiers therefore taking centre stage in determining human behavior† (Davis 1961, 45). Herzberg’s theory has two implications. First, sellers should do their best to avoid factors that bring about dissatisfaction. Secondly, the manufacturer should precisely identify satisfiers and therefore aim to incorporate them in production in order to motivate consumers to purchase his/her products. These satisfiers determination to formulate the key variation as to which product the customer buys. Perception It is the course of action by which an individual selects, organizes and understands information inputs to build a significant representation of the world. Perception depends not only on the nature of the stimuli but also on the immediate environment unto which the stimuli emanates from (Anderson and Narus 1990, 49). People can ap pear to have diverse perceptions of the similar product since there are three perceptual processes: selection attention, it’s where the person screens all that she/he sees and hears and pays interest simply to preferred ones, selective distortion, it’s the affinity to change information into exceptional meanings and understand the information in a way that determine to fit the consumers’ perceptions, selective retention; people will disregard much on what they learn however, they will be likely to hold on to the information that supports their attitudes and beliefs. Selective retention defines why marketers use presentation and repletion in delivering messages to their target market (Ford 1980, 344). Learning Learning it’s the changing of an individual’s performance though experience. Learning experts insist that learning occurs when different forms of stimuli are introduced within the environment to reinforce behavior and responses of individuals. Cues are slight stimuli are the main drivers that define behavior exhibited by individuals. Learning theory enables marketers formulate various forms of stimuli that are incorporated into marketing strategy with the main aim of influencing consumer behavior. Various cues are used by marketers to reinforce consumer behavior by designing marketing messages that can easily influence human behavior Beliefs and attitudes Through knowledge, people achieve beliefs and attitudes. Thus it influences their consumer behavior. A belief is a vivid notion that an individual holds concerning something. Beliefs may be based on facts, view or faith. Manufacturers are greatly responsive and concerned in the values people bear in their minds regarding their goods and services. These philosophies make up brand descriptions and associations that can lead consumers into displaying desired actions once consumers are exposed to a set of pre determined images. If a few viewpoints are mistaken and stall pur chase, the manufacture will want to initiate an operation to approve these beliefs. For example, the use of laser treatment for hair had a negative effect on the consumer; the manufacturer should launch another product that would not have the same effect to the consumers. An attitude is a set of favorable or unfavorable opinions/conclusions, about certain objects or ideas. Ethics play a major function in consumer behavior. Some consumers may want to avoid products made by factories with questionable labor practices (Halinen 1995). The Buying Decision Process These are: Problem recognition The buying procedure begins as soon as the buyer recognizes a difficulty or need. The demand can be triggered interior or exterior stimuli. In case of interior stimuli, an individual basic need arises to a verge level and becomes a drive. In case of exterior stimuli a want is aroused by peripheral stimuli. Information search Recommendations A manufacturer of goods and brands where group control is well-built must establish how to achieve and persuade the belief leaders have in these growths. A belief leader is someone in informal product connected to relations who offers information or informs regarding a precise product or product type. A marketer ought to contact opinions leaders by identifying demographic and psychological distinctiveness allied with opinion control, identifying the medium read by opinion leaders along with directing messages at them e.g. the firm are more responsible to advertise their services of tattooing and piercing to young adult in view of the fact that they are more to beauty than selling laser treatment for wrinkles which would be more valued by the old. Marketers should search for relationships between their products and lifestyle group, for example for a middle-aged she would prioritize her needs to cosmetic surgery this is to enable her to feel like she is still young and the lowest need being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectable manner she would only prioritize on cosmetic surgery, eye surgery and laser skin treatment. And The old lady, she would prioritized her options to eye surgery to avoid wearing glasses, followed by the laser skin treatments to prevent her from looking too old and avoid the wrinkles from appearing (Heide 1994, 74). Marketers should also try to develop brand images that match the target market’s self image, for instance setting up a laser treatment infirmary to an educational institution that’s full of students who range from 18 to 24 instead of body art facility for fashion or a cultural body art as a reflection of ethnicity. The marketer should have a selection attention that means marketers have to work hard to attract consumers’ notice, for instance through the first information that is acquired through the first sight, the package of the product should catch the attention of the consumer where the model advert ising the product should be appealing and the product should make sure that the aim of the achiever which is beauty should be noted on the product (BAC 2011, 13). References Anderson, J. and Narus, J., 1990. â€Å"A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working.† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, pp. 42-58. Anderson, P., 1982. â€Å"Marketing, Strategic Planning, and the Theory of the Firm.† Journal of Marketing, 46, 7–23. BAC, 2011. Cosmetic industry in Russian Federation: Business Report 2011. Moscow: Business Analytic Center (BAC). Charles, L. et al, 2009. Essentials of Marketing. Natorp Boulevard: Cengage Learning. Davis, K. R., 1961. Marketing Management: Text and Cases. New York: The Ronald Press Company. Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. and Oh, S., 1987. â€Å"Developing buyer-seller relationships.† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, pp. 11-27. Ford, D., 1980. â€Å"Buyer/seller relationships in international industrial markets†, European.† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 339-54. Ford, D., 1990. â€Å"Understanding Business Markets: Interaction, Relationships and Processes.† Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 5, pp. 319-32. Halinen, A., 1995. Presentation Development of buyer-seller relationships: suggestions for future in London. Heide, J., 1994. â€Å"Interorganizational governance in marketing channels.† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 71-85. Koontz, H. Weihrich, H., 2009. Essence of Management an International Perspective. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. Kotler, P., 1999. Principles of marketing, (2nd edn). New York: Prentice Hall, 1999. Kotler, P., 2003. Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Lancaster, G. Withey, F., 2006. Marketing Fundamentals’: CIM Course book. London: Oxford publishers. Porter, M., 1990. Competitive advantage, illustrated edn, Northampton, MA: Free Press. Waterschoot, W. and van den Bulte, C., 1992. â€Å"The 4P classification of the marketing mix revisited.† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, pp. 83-93. This report on Understanding of Buyers’ Behavior was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sir Marcus Laurence Oliphant essays

Sir Marcus Laurence Oliphant essays Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant, was the eldest of five sons, and was born in 1901 in Kent Town, near Adelaide, South Australia. His father was a civil servant and his mother was an artist. Oliphant was interested in a career in medicine or chemistry, and in 1919 started studying at the University of Adelaide. However, his physics teacher, Dr Roy Burdon, helped him discover the lovely feeling when there is a discovery in the field of physics, and Oliphant began studying Physics more closely. In 1925, Oliphant was further inspired in the field of physics after attending a lecture by Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand physicist. An expert in the field of nuclear physics, Rutherford had made discoveries about radioactivity and the atomic nucleus. In 1927 Oliphant gained the opportunity to live his dream of becoming a physicist. He won an '1851 Exhibitioner' scholarship that allowed him to study under the supervision of Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University in England. Oliphant made his most significant works in science during his stay at the Cavendish Laboratory. He researched nuclear physics, and worked on the artificial disintegration of the atomic nucleus, and positive ions. During this period many discoveries were made at the Cavendish Laboratory, and the field of nuclear physics was rapidly expanding. Rutherford later asked Oliphant to work with him to further investigate Cockcroft and Walton's work. During this time, Oliphant discovered new types of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) and helium (helium 3). He also designed and built particle accelerators, the most famous of these was a positive ion accelerator. All this work paved the way for the creation of nuclear weapons. Sir John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton made the first major breakthrough in 1932 when they split the atom for the first time, using their revolutionary high-powered par ...

The Life of Powhatan Indian Pocahontas

The Life of Powhatan Indian Pocahontas Birth: c.1594, Virginia Region Death: March 21, 1617, Gravesend, England Names: Pocahontas was a nickname meaning playful or naughty one. Here real name was MatoakaAfter her conversion to Christianity and baptism, Pocahontas was given the name Rebecca and became Lady Rebecca when she married John Rolfe. Pocohontas and John Smith: When Pocahontas was approximately 13 years old in 1607, she met John Smith of Jamestown, Virginia. They met in her fathers village which was called Werowocomoco on the north shore of what is now the York River. A tale often associated with Smith and Pocahontas is that she saved him from death by appealing to her father. However, this cannot be proven. In fact, the incident was not recorded until Pocahontas was traveling in London many years later. However, she did help the starving inhabitants of Jamestown during the winter of 1607-1608. First Marriage: Pocahontas was married between 1609 and 1612 to a Powhatan named Kocoum. It is believed that she might have had a baby girl who later died from this marriage. However, little more is known about this relationship. The Capture of Pocahontas: In 1612, the Powhatan Indians and the English settlers were becoming more hostile with each other. Eight Englishmen had been captured. In retaliation, Captain Samuel Argall captured Pocahontas. It was during this time that Pocahontas met and married John Rolfe who is credited with planting and selling the first tobacco crop in America. Lady Rebecca Rolfe: It is not known whether Pocahontas actually fell in love with Rolfe before they married. Some conjecture that their marriage was one condition of her release from captivity. Pocahontas converted to Christianity and was baptized Rebecca. She then married Rolfe on April 5, 1614. Powhatan gave his consent and presented Rolfe with a large piece of land. This marriage brought peace between the Powhatans and English until Chief Powhatans death in 1618. Thomas Rolfe Born: Pocahontas gave birth to Thomas Rolfe on January 30, 1615. Soon after, she along with her family and her sister Matchanna and her husband traveled to London. She was well received by the English. While in England she met back up with John Smith. Illness and Death: Rolfe and Pocahontas had decided to return to America in March 1616. However, Pocahontas got sick and soon thereafter died on March 21, 1616. She was only 22 years old. There is not real evidence to the cause of her death. She died in Gravesend, England, but the site of her death was destroyed years later when the church where she was buried was being rebuilt. Her son, Thomas, remained in England even though John Rolfe did return to America after her death. Many claim to be descendants of Pocahontas through Thomas including Nancy Reagan, Edith Wilson, and Thomas Jefferson Randolph, grandson to Thomas Jefferson. References: Ciment, James. Colonial America. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006.

Debate between "bar code labeling" and " radio Assignment

Debate between "bar code labeling" and " radio frequency identification " - Assignment Example However, with the sole intension of enhancing the company’s supply chain even more, I want to present an in-depth comparison between the bar code labeling and the RFID to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. It is my hope that this comparison will led to an informed recommendation regarding which among the two technologies the company should adopt. Before going into the advantages and disadvantages of each of the two technologies, it is important to have some background information about them. Both the barcode and RFID are technologies used for data collection. Therefore, they perform primarily the same functions. Additionally, the barcode technology came before the RFID. With this in mind, let me now focus on their advantages and disadvantages based on various aspects. 1. Read Rate – with regard to the reading rate, the barcode reader is slower than the RFID (Campbell Para7). The barcode technology depends on manual reading, which implies that it the reader can only scan one tag at time. However, the RFID can scan over 100 tags simultaneously. In this regard, the RFID technology is better than the barcode labeling. 2. Human Involvement – with the barcode technology, human intervention is required because the scanner has to be manually directed towards the tags (Campbell Para 7). However, with RFID, human intervention is not required because the technology is completely automated (Adaptalift Hyster n.p.). Therefore, the RFID technology will reduce the amount of labor required by the company. 3. Line of Sight – this is the main difference between the two technologies. With the barcode reader, the scanner has to face the barcode directly to read it. However, the RFID technology does not have to face the tag directly but can read within a broad range (Campbell Para 7). 4. Functionality –

Urban Development Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Urban Development Study - Assignment Example New urbanism considers everyone in the society both the rich and the less advantaged. Real estate housing provides shelter for both the rich and the poor. Greenhouse buildings, which consume less power, are also included herein. Such buildings least pollute the environment and use natural lighting to cut on electrical consumption. Some employ special ultraviolet glass that does not allow in too much heat nor reflect it to drivers and cause accidents. In general, the idea visualizes a city where there is reduced traffic congestion, adequate housing, and rise in suburban extension. Bicol River, the river of our time points at the importance of rivers more so in transport. The river is able to accommodate relatively large vessels. Rivers form part of the hydrologic cycle when it comes to precipitation, water provision, cool environment, maintaining water tables amongst others. The Bicol River has allowed Catholics living in the area in their annual Virgin Mary celebrations. This boosts cultural identity that in turn spurs environmental protection and encourages social bonding. Embracing culture encourages the community to stick together and care for each other. Jane Jacobs urban wisdom tries to seek and a plea for the rights of those who live in the slums. Urban planners feel that slums deprive the society of the clean environment causing more harm than good. Urban planners carry out land use analysis and opt to destroy slums since their cost-benefit ratio is not convincing. She developed concepts such as the mixed up development, which was not openly accepted. Mixed developments, integration pedestrian connections are a few examples. The focus is to allow adequate housing, reduce travel distance, stronger and more compact neighborhood amongst others.  

Bbq Sauce Essay Example for Free

Bbq Sauce Essay The biggest strength of this sauce is that it can be used as dipping sauce also. People love to eat this sauce with roosted food and fast food as dipping sauce. It means that this sauce has two different uses that we can use it for barbecue purpose and we can also use it as dipping sauce. The price of this sauce is very moderate and comparatively to other brand BBQ sauce, the ETA Original Barbecue sauce has less price. The taste of this sauce is very rich or in other words unique taste this is a big strength of this sauce. The colour of the sauce is very impressive which is dark brown. People who love barbecue food also like this sauce and are the favourite sauce of many people. The sauce quality is high and can compete with any competitive sauce around the world as both barbecuing and dipping sauce. This sauce has a higher shelf life than its competitors and it has expiry date of 1 year that’s mean user can utilise this sauce as much as long for 1 year. It does not need to be refrigerated we can put it anywhere within room temperature and we can take it anywhere we want such as to any party or any picnic. Due to its popularity it can be found anywhere in Australia. We can purchase this sauce from wool worth or from any big or small grocery shop. WEAKNESSES This sauce has a bad packaging and also the material of the bottle is not a good quality. The bottle is also unattractive. Few people do not like to purchase it due to previously mentioned reason. The label of the product is also unattractive. Few people also don’t like the colour combination of the bottle and the labelling which is red and yellow. The sauce is mostly placed on the last shelf in many big stores like Coles and Woolworth and this really affects the sale of any good. This sauce is basically famous in only Australian people not in people from other countries. Therefore, mostly overseas students, people and migrants do not wish to eat this sauce because they don’t know about it because of its placement. The bottle shape is not good and unattractive so mostly people buy the other BBQ sauce rather than ETA Original BBQ sauce. The bottle of ETA original barbecue sauce is made up of plastic and is not seeing through so people can not judge that how many sauce is left into the bottle and that’s the weak point of this ETA original barbecue sauce. The labelling of this product is also not attractive because it is scratch able. Some people in Australia do not like the smell of this sauce. So it is hard for them to eat this sauce due to irritating smell. The one more weakness of this product is that the BRAND is not popular that’s mean that the brand is weak so people dose not know about it because of its unpopularity. OPPORTUNITIES The ETA original Barbeque sauce is the product of Goodman Fielder Foods Services and this company can put more effort to promote this sauce as much as they can within different groups of people to get better result. This company can make better packaging and labelling by using the good plastic quality of bottle and by putting the sticker rather than labelling the bottle like â€Å"Masterfoods† does. They can also make packaging of this product more stylish according to the modern needs. They can also make it more attractive with cool grip and stylish shape. The taste of people changes time to time so they should do more and more market research to make the taste of this sauce according to the people needs. They can do expansion by advertising it more and more particularly in students and young people. The company can also reduce the price of ETA Original Barbecue Sauce so can easily compete in the market and more people will buy this product so the supply will increase as the demand will increase, so company can make larger profit. The company can also distribute free samples in schools colleges and universities for make people familiar with this ETA original barbecue sauce. THREATS The threats for this sauce are mostly due to other barbecue sauces like Masterfoods and Fountain barbecue sauce which is more famous then ETA Original Barbecue Sauce. The biggest threats for ETA Original Barbecue Sauce are other competitors and most of them are Woolworths Home Brand, Masterfoods, Fountain, Nandos and Oporto. Woolworths Home Brand Barbecue sauce is more likely cheaper than ETA Original Barbecue Sauce and this can easily affect the sales of ETA Barbecue Sauce because consumer will consume the same quantity in cheaper price so they mostly go for the Home Brand sauce. Other competitor like Nandos and Oporto can also defiantly affect the sale of ETA Original Barbecue Sauce because Nandos and Oporto have a long range in different sauces for example Mild Barbecue sauce, hot Peri Peri Barbecue sauce. Nandos and Oporto have sauces according to the taste and mood of people. If weather is rainy then people do more activity like making barbeque in homes etc and they need sauces to make their barbecue more tasty so they mostly use different sauces like Nandos and Oporto because they have different kind of sauces such as mild, hot and etc. So weather conditions really affect the sale of this ETA barbecue sauce. Other threat to this sauce is environmentalist groups because ETA barbecue sauce has a plastic bottle and is difficult to recycle as compared with other materials. TARGET MARKET The target Market for ETA Original Barbecue sauce can be anyone such as students, young people, elderly people or a group of people who loves to eat barbeque with sauce. So in simple words any Barbeque sauce lover could be the target market for ETA Original Barbeque Sauce. A person who buys ETA barbecue sauce can use it as a dipping sauce and also for barbecue use. This is not necessary that the ETA Original Barbecue Sauce is only compatible with only Barbeque but it can also use for different purposes such as consumer can consume this product with rice, hot chips, hash browns and etc. In different get-together friends can use this barbecue sauce for making barbecue food or enjoy their meal with this sauce as dipping sauce. It can also be used in parties such as friends get to gather, any type of celebration like birthday or marriage ceremony or house warming parties. ETA Original Barbecue Sauce can also make or target their market by distributing the free sachets in universities, schools, Westfield and WestPoint or any shopping centres in order to tell people about the product, and as people will familiar with the product, they could definitely buy the product so ETA Original Barbeque Sauce could make more customers and cpuld easily make more profits.

Iraqs War :: essays research papers

ANALYSIS After 12 years from the end of the Gulf War in 1991, the United States and Britain kept up a low-level conflict with Iraq and declared that their goal was to end the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein, and insisted that Iraq be disarmed of mass destruction weapons. In early 2002, the Bush administration announced that it considered Iraq to be part of an â€Å"axis of evil.† Though United Nations arms inspections made increasing progress after their return in November and a large Security Council majority insisted that the inspections continue, United States invaded Iraq in alliance with Britain on March 20, 2003. The introduction to the United Nations Charter - the law shared by many nations in the world - states: "We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims." The first article of the Charter says that the purpose of the United Nations is to "maintain international peace and security" and to suppress "acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace". However, when the United States and its British allies declared their own war against Iraq in March 2003, and forcing invasion into another country like Iraq without United Nations mandate; United States and Britain were violating international legality, and going against what United Nations basic principles, and behaving as aggressors themselves (Lawle ss War 2003). International Law has been violated. United States and Britain, the two founders of United Nations Organization, acted in a manner which violates political values. Million of protestors around the world, including within the United States and Britain themselves, spoke against this war and expressed their feelings for its immorality. United States, being the most powerful country in the world, should be setting an example for others by acting according to proper ethics, to be patient with the process of law, and displaying utter respect for the opinion of majority such as members of United Nations; however, U.S.A. and U.K. took the opposite actions toward what is considered moral and just by the whole planet. The Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists, a consultative body within the UN, warned against attacking Iraq without a United Nations mandate, referring to an "outright illegal invasion of Iraq, which amounts to a war of aggression".

Importance of Education Essay

Education has been regarded as a means toward economic stability and progress. The increases productivity of the workforce is due mainly to the increase in the education and training of the people. The success and development of the country would greatly depend in the productivity of its human resources – which is considered as one of the vital asset of the nation. And to have a good and competent man power resources, quality education and intensive training is necessary for the students to become skilled and productive workers when they become part of the labor force. Individual performance is highly important for an organization as a whole and for the individuals working in it. Individual performance is a core concept within work and organizational psychology. During the past 10 or 15 years, researchers have made progress in clarifying and extending the performance concept (Campbell, 1990). Moreover, advances have been made in specifying major predictors and processes associated with individual performance. Organizations need highly performing individuals in order to meet their goals, to deliver the products and services they specialized in, and ï ¬ nally to achieve competitive advantage. With the ongoing changes that we are witnessing within organizations today, the performance concepts and performance requirements are undergoing changes as well (Ilgen & Pulakos, 1999). Performance, if it is recognized by others within the organization is often rewarded by ï ¬ nancial and other beneï ¬ ts. Performance is a major although not the only prerequisite for future career development and success. In the labor market. Although there might be exceptions, high performers get promoted more easily within an organization and generally have better career opportunities than low performers (VanScotter, Motowidlo, & Cross, 2000). It is said that education is primarily concerned with the opening out to the world of the students so that he can choose his interests and mode of living, and his career. On the other hand, training is primarily concerned with the preparing the participants from certain lines of action, which are delineated by technology and by the organization in which he works. Education is not only limited to the degree an individual can attained however it must be accompanied by character, attitude, behavior and values that would significantly affects or influence his performance and productivity. The most effective method to develop the competence and skills of students is trough hand – on training – the on-the-job training. This process exposes the students to the different fields and learned. Moreover, it allows the students to become familiar and made known with the actual operation of the business and the state-of-the-art of the facilities, equipment and technology used. Many opportunities for development can be found on-the-job. Trainees are able to learn as they contribute to the goals of the firm. Morale, productivity, and professionalism will normally be high in those individuals that employ a sound OJT program. As per required by the CHED, graduating students of Bacolod City College BS Information System must undergo on-the-job training with required time of Three Hundred Fifty hours. This would be a stepping stone for the practicumers to develop themselves to become professionals in their own field of specialization and acquire new learning through gained experiences during trainings. It is very essential component of the learning process, geared towards preparing students future career.

Autobiography

My name is Andrew Windiest, I was born in Redding, California, a mid-sized city located in the most northern part of the Sacramento Valley. I have four brothers named Alex (14), Jordan (21), Nathan (25), and Tyler (28) along with two sisters, Courtney (29) and Samaritan(26). My Dad's name is Neil Windiest (60) and my Mom's name is Katharine Buchanan (49), they were never married and I don't remember them ever being together. Vie grown up most of my life in Dixon, CA where my mom lived up until three years ago when she moved to Elk Grove. Most of my friends that have known me since I was really young are in Dixon.My dad lives in Red Bluff, CA, up near Redding and that's where I spend most of my time right now. In the future I hope to get out of the valley, although I like some areas of it, I like mountainous areas a whole lot more. I am now attending Elk Grove Charter School as a senior and hope to gain on all my missing credits and graduate this year. I really enjoy the outdoors and it is where I like to spend my time whenever I get the chance. I love fishing and would fish everyday if I could, I have spent many, many hours on the river enjoying the peacefulness. Another thing I enjoy is working on cars, particularly my own.I like high performance cars and love the freedom of driving. I enjoy hiking mountains a lot and like adventures. I climbed Met. Lessen Peak when I was six years old. My Dad has a house on the Oregon coast in Coos Bay. We go up there and ride the sand dunes and it's a lot of fun. My dad bought me my first car it's a eagle's Talon. My dad has had two of these cars previously except his were all wheel drive. These cars have lots of horse power for how big the engine is because they are turbocharged. This a short story of my previous life and my life now and I hope to add many more memories to my life story. Autobiography I attended La Immaculate Primary School, Muffles College High School graduating with a Diploma in Academic Business, Muffles Junior College graduating with an Associate Degree in General Studies, university of Belize graduating with a Bachelor f Science Degree in English Education, and presently studying at Galen university to acquire a Master's Degree in Business Administration. I have always been a rather quiet individual at home, at work, and at school. Accustomed to being around primarily adults, I am mature for my age and most of my friends are males.My hobbies are reading, cooking, baking, and listening to music. Occasionally, I watch some television if I am bored. I did well in school, as I always read ahead and researched even before school opened. I spent my vacation reading all my school codebooks and highlighting the information I deemed Important, while my friends spent theirs traveling or enjoying themselves. In College, I used to spend more time with my friends. We woul d play cards and dominoes and eventually I became a great domino player.I have been encouraged to enter competitions, but I just play for the center of attention. I am more of a behind the scenes type of person, preferring to observe than step to the forefront. I was never one who saw myself with a family and did not want to be tied down by the constraints of a husband and children. Although I absolutely adored children, I assumed I'd never have any children or marry. However, as I grew older my mentality changed and I met someone whilst studying for my Bachelors.After three years of dating, I had a daughter. Shortly after the birth of my daughter, due to an accident, my partner died and I ended up becoming a single mother at the age of 21 . I found myself balancing being a mother, studying and working, always looking for a better job so to make more money to give my daughter a better life than I had. I'm proud to say this new role suits me. I'm driven, not only to do great things f or myself, but to spur my daughter on to even greater ones.What I achieve in life, I do it for my daughter. I do not consider myself a genius, but I study hard or seek help when I need it. I always attempt tasks first and then seek help when I realize that I really do not know what I'm doing, or I cannot do it on my own. I still have that independent nature strongly embedded. Presently, my goal is to graduate with honors and obtain a scholarship for a PhD. Furthermore, having met someone and getting engaged, I look forward to marrying and having two more children. Autobiography Inspirations come from many avenues. My inspiration came when I was 16 years old in the form of a 3 pound baby boy measuring the length of a ruler. Being a young adolescent myself, this was a very trying time for me. My son was born almost three months early and could very easily have not survived. The birth of my first child is what changed my life forever and shaped me into the person I am today.At the age of seventeen I was attending high school, being a mother to my son, and working away from home as a waitress; all the while missing my little boy beyond words. I knew right then what I wanted to do with my life. I wanted to watch my son grow. I wanted to not only be his mother but also his teacher.As my life moved forward my family grew. I was lucky enough to have the privilege to stay at home with my children. During this time I decided that caring for children and helping them grow was what I wanted to do. I started doing child care for a few of my friend’s children and absolutely fell in love with it. This is what I have always done and is something that has always come completely natural to me. Being responsible for a child’s growth while watching them learn and mature right before my eyes is an amazing feeling and a blessing.My children are now all in school full time which has me feeling ready to share the passion I have in caring for, nurturing, and teaching children with others. After I complete my CDA coursework my goal is to become a preschool teacher. I feel with current education with child development and the love I have for watching children’s developmental growth this will be a great future for me.

Issue Summary - Geneva Conventions POW Treatment

Issue Summary - Geneva Conventions POW Treatment The Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977) form the foundation for international humanitarian law in times of war. The treaty focuses on the treatment of enemy forces as well as civilians living in occupied territories. These international treaties are intended to limit the barbarity of war by protecting non-combatants- civilians, medics and aid workers- and combatants who are no longer able to take part in battle- wounded, sick and shipwrecked troops, and all persons held as prisoners of war. The Conventions and their Protocols provide measures for preventing all violations and contain strict rules for dealing with the perpetrators of war crime atrocities known in the treaties as â€Å"grave breaches.† Under these rules, war criminals are to be investigated, sought, extradited if necessary, and tried, regardless of their nationality.   History and Background of Limiting War As long as there has been armed conflict, man has tried to devise ways to limit wartime behavior, from the sixth century BCE Chinese warrior Sun Tzu to the 19th century American Civil War. The founder of the International Red Cross, Henri Dunant, inspired the first Geneva Convention, which was designed to protect the sick and wounded. Pioneer nurse Clara Barton was instrumental in U.S. ratification of that First Convention in 1882. Subsequent conventions addressed asphyxiating gases, expanding bullets, the treatment of prisoners of war, and treatment of civilians. Nearly 200 countries- including the United States- are signatory nations and have ratified these Conventions. Treatment of Combatants, Civilians, and Terrorists The treaties were initially written with state-sponsored military conflicts in mind and emphasize that combatants must be clearly distinguishable from civilians. Combatants who fall within the guidelines and who become prisoners of war must be treated humanely. According to the International Red Cross: Captured combatants and civilians who find themselves under the authority of the adverse party are entitled to respect for their lives, their dignity, their personal rights and their political, religious and other convictions. They must be protected against all acts of violence or reprisal. They are entitled to exchange news with their families and receive aid. They must enjoy basic judicial guarantees. Enemy Combatant Habeas Corpus Under these rules, captured enemy combatants, whether soldiers or saboteurs, may be detained for the duration of hostilities. They need not be guilty of anything; they are detained simply by virtue of their status as enemy combatants in war. The challenge in wars like those Afghanistan and Iraq is determining which persons who have been captured are terrorists and which are innocent civilians. The Geneva Conventions protect civilians from being tortured, raped or enslaved as well as from being subjected to attacks. However, Geneva Conventions also protect the uncharged terrorist, noting that anyone who has been captured is entitled to protection until their status has been determined by a competent tribunal. Military lawyers (Judge Advocate Generals Corps - JAG) reportedly have petitioned the Bush Administration for prisoner protection for two years- long before Iraqs Abu Ghraib prison became a household word around the world. Supreme Court Ruling The Bush Administration held hundreds of people at the Guantanamo Bay naval base on Cuba, for two years or longer, without charge and without redress. Many were subjected to actions that have been characterized as abuse or torture. In June 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that habeas corpus applies to detainees at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, as well as to citizen enemy combatants held in continental U.S. facilities. Therefore, according to the Court, these detainees have the right to file a petition asking that a court determine if they are being held lawfully.

What Is SAT Score Choice Why Should You Care

What Is SAT Score Choice Why Should You Care SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips . College Board's SAT Score Choice policy, started in 2009, means just what it sounds like. Well, you can't choose your scores - "I'll take a 2400, please!" - but you can choose which score reports you send to colleges. If you take the SAT more than once, then you can decide which scores get sent and which ones remain for your eyes only. Since we're always thinking strategically when it comes to the SAT, this article will discuss not just how Score Choice works, but also how you can use it to your advantage. First, what exactly is SAT Score Choice? What Is SAT Score Choice? If you're a high schooler taking the SAT, it's probably safe to assume you're applying to college. Part of your application is sending your SAT score reports, which is done through your College Board account. The Score Choice option lets you choose which score reports get sent and which ones don't. You can choose a score report by test date, or by individual test for an SAT Subject Test. You can't choose individual sections, like just sending your math score from January and your Reading and Writing scores from April, for example. Many colleges superscore your SAT, or take your highest section scores across all test dates, anyway, so this shouldn't cause much concern. If your schools have a policy of superscoring the SAT, is there any reason to use Score Choice and leave some score reports out? I'd say probably not, unless you have one that's a real outlier, like you were sick that day or performed way belowthe level you expected to. If you think it could look bad to admissions officers, then you might use Score Choice to leave that score report out. If you don't elect to useScore Choice, then College Board will send all your available scores to the colleges you listed as score recipients. Before this policy was implemented in 2009, students had no option of leaving out score reports. Sounds stressful, right? According to College Board, Score Choice is meant to reduce stress, improve the test day experience, and give students more control over their test results. I suspect that College Board is also trying to remain competitive with its ever more popular counterpart, the ACT, which has always allowed students to choose whichscore reports to send by test date. While I touched upon the logistics of this optionalready, let's look in more detail at exactly how SAT Score Choice works when you're sending your scores to colleges. The College Board carrier pigeons are ready at your command. How Does Score Choice Work? Your College Board account is your one stop to register for the SAT, view your scores, and send your score reports. When you register for the SAT, you can add four score recipients for free. You can edit these up to 9 days after your registration. After that, additional colleges cost $11.25, unless you qualify for an SAT fee waiver. If you've taken the SAT more than once, then you can use Score Choice to decide which score reports go to which colleges. You'll see a screen that looks something like this: If you don't use Score Choice, then College Board will send all your scores to the schools you indicate. There is one important limitation of Score Choice to be aware of when you're listing out your score recipients. Limitation of SAT Score Choice As I mentioned above, you can list up to 4 score recipients for free when you register for the SAT or for up to 9 days after.That means the scores from your future test, which you won't have taken yet, will be automatically sent to those 4 schools. Unfortunately, you can't signin and cancel those score reports if you're disappointed with your scores, since they'll be sent to your colleges at pretty much the same time they become available to you, about three weeks after you test. If you want to see those scores before they're sent off to admissions officers and have the financial means to do, then you might consider forgoing those 4 free score reports. Of course, this is only a possibility if you have enough time before your deadlinesto receive your scores before sendingthem. If you want total control over which score reports get sent, then you might not want to use the 4 free score reports at the time of registration. WhileCollege Board offers Score Choice to improve the test day experience for students, sadlynot all colleges are so amenable. There are some schoolsthat are strongly anti-Score Choice. Before using it, make sure you research your schools' policies toward SAT scores. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Know Your Colleges' SAT Score Policies Not all colleges look at your SAT scores in exactly the same way. Some colleges, like Brown, Columbia, Harvard, University of Connecticut, and University of Virginia, superscore your test and take your highest section scores across all test dates. If your colleges superscore, then there might not be much reason to use Score Choice, unless you had a really off test day and wanted to keep that score report private. Other schools, like Arizona State, Colorado State, and University of Wisconsin, will look at your "highest sitting," meaning they won't take a math score from one date and a reading score from another. If this is the case, then you might use Score Choice to just send the score report from your best test date. Regardless of whether they have a superscoring or "highest sitting" policy, some of these schools tell you not to use Score Choice and to send all your available scores. For instance,Cornell says it "requires students to submit all scores from SAT tests taken and does not participate in the College Board's Score Choice." Stanford has the same policy, which it extends to the ACT, as well: "Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency." While College Board has done its part to improve the test day experience and give students more control over their test scores, unfortunately not all colleges are on board. Some other schools that have a "send all scores" policy are Duke, University of Pennsylvania, and Rice University. While these schools technically can't stop you from using Score Choice, they consider it a matter of integrity and honesty in your application that you'll abide by their policies. Before using Score Choice, make sure you research your colleges' policies towards SAT scores and score reporting so you know whether you should or are even allowed to use Score Choice. If you can't find this information on their admissions website, you can call an admissions office directly and ask what their stance is on SAT scores and College Board's Score Choice. Besides allowing you to leave out SAT scores that you don't think are up to par, does SAT Score Choice have any other advantages for students? Actually, it could affect how you prep and when you take the SAT. What Does SAT Score Choice Mean to You? Having the option of SAT Score Choice is another good reason to take the SAT more than once. Students almost always improve when they retake the SAT, especially if they do focused test prep on their areas of weakness between tests. Some students even take advantage of superscoring policies to build up a high composite score section by section. With this strategy, you might prep intensively for math before one test date, forreading for the next, and for writing for the third date. This approach could help focus your studying, reduce pressure, and maximize your overall scores to a higher peak than you could reach on any one single test date. Even with the option of leaving some score reports out, I wouldn't recommend taking the SAT any more than 5 or 6 times. The time and money spent on all these official tests could probably be better spent on test prep. If you're studying effectively, then you should be able to achieve your target scores within 6 tests. If not, you would probably be better served by adjusting your approach to test prep than by taking the SAT one more time. Of course, not every student has the luxury of time nor money to retake the SAT this many times. In a sense, Score Choice favors those who can afford multiple test dates and prep materials. While it's a policy that works in students' advantage, it also could be viewed partly as one more way that students from higher socio-economic backgrounds have an advantage when it comes to achieving strong SAT scores for their college applications. SAT Score Choice is a great option if you have a fluke testing day or scores you'd rather not share with admissions officers. It's another good reason to take the SAT multiple times, if you have the time and means to do so. While it may or may not impact your testing strategy, let's sum up the major takeaways you can gather from this SAT Score Choice policy. Takeaways of SAT Score Choice SAT Score Choice lets you choose which scores to send to colleges by test date at no extra cost. You can customize your score reporting toeach individual college you're applying to. Make sure to research your colleges' policies, so you know if they superscore, taking the highest sitting, and/or require you to send all your scores. Retaking the SAT (if possible) is a very good idea, especially since Score Choice allows you to pick and choose which scores to send to colleges. If you're strategic about your testing plan and schedule, then you can use these policies to your advantage and earnstrong SAT scores. Plus, you can breathe easy if you happen to have an off day or don't achieve the scores you want the first time around. As the old saying goes, "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again! And then use SAT Score Choice." What's Next? For the full list of colleges that superscore the SAT, check out our complete guide here. You can also see all the schools that require you to send all your scores. For whatever reason, they're not big fans of SAT Score Choice. Are you deciding when to take the SAT for the first time (or second or third)? Read about how to choose your test dates and schedule your test prep around your testing plan. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

What should people set there goals in life Essay

What should people set there goals in life - Essay Example Setting and achieving goals translate to the feelings of accomplishment and success life. This spurs greater confidence and productivity. Setting goals in life helps propel and individual forward. When the goal is written down a alongside it dates of accomplishment, it makes an individual something to plan and work for, towards its achievement. Additionally, proper goal setting enables one to break what might have seemed large and intimidating into something small, hence easily achievable. The small milestones that one starts with enhance the achievement of greater aspirations in life. Another import aspect of setting personal goals is that it enhances the belief in oneself. This helps in fuelling ambitions and the inspiration necessary for aiming for great things in life. On the same note, setting personal goals facilitate an individual to be accountable for failures that might arise. These goals go a long way to helping an individual to evaluate the milestones achieved during specified time duration. It is also imperative to note and take into account that goals help an individual know what they truly want in life. Depending on an individual’s desires, goal give that sense of direction towards what should be accomplished. Lastly, a person who has set goals has the ability to live their life, in the desired lifestyle, to the fullest. This is achieved through the accomplishment s realised out of every moment spent alive. Therefore, it is imperative to note that in order to have fulfilment in life, people should set goals that enable them live

Literary criticism of article on The Ehics of Genetic Engineering Essay

Literary criticism of article on The Ehics of Genetic Engineering - Essay Example In fact, people have more to fear from the restriction of this technology in the sense that giving up on its benefits, in favor of outdated moral arguments, could lead to more harm than good. Although Koepsell prescribes regulation in order to control potential abuses of this technology, he does not provide a political or scientific framework for managing the risks associated with genetic engineering and gives a rather cursory look at the moral arguments against new technologies. With these weaknesses in mind, one should nonetheless take Koepsell’s warnings seriously, as they are not only applicable to genetic engineering but a wide variety of novel fields in the application of scientific research. The author begins by giving the basic science behind genetic engineering, which includes basic information about DNA, genes, and genetic disorders. He also approaches the issue of ethical challenges, including the secular and non-secular objections to genetic engineering. Secular ar guments tend to focus on dignity at the species level. However, this objection fails in that there is no room for non-arbitrary distinctions between human DNA and the DNA of other species. Consistency in this case requires hands-off for both human DNA and that of crops. The non-secular arguments tend to focus on genetic engineering as something opposed to â€Å"nature†. ... This cost/benefit analysis is presumed to have moral significance because it focuses specifically on things that human beings value most. If genetic engineering is beneficial to all of these different areas of human life, then it necessarily must be good. Koepsell devotes some attention to drawbacks of the technological advances; however, the only drawback that is addressed is the inherent unpredictability of genetic crossbreeding between engineering and non-engineered genomes. This is exemplified both in human populations, where gene therapies can have potentially harmful effects on populations, and in agriculture, where the spread of genes is more uncontrollable and less conscious. However, Koepsell’s section on drawbacks is not as positive as one might hope: it is interspersed with language like â€Å"will improve,† â€Å"scientific breakthrough,† and â€Å"testing should be employed† (Koepsell 13-15). One can tell immediately that this section on drawb acks is not a value-neutral account of the actual dangers of the technology, but is rather fodder for the author’s arguments for more research. Appropriately, this section leads into considerations of â€Å"justice† and â€Å"equity,† which are two primary ethical concerns of scientific research. The author considers straw-man situations such as those found in science fiction to dispute the theory of a genetically-derived underclass, and begins to acknowledge the difficulty of trusting policymakers to provide â€Å"rational oversight and regulation of germline modifications in humans† (18). The purpose of regulation, the author contends, is to provide a just and equitable distribution of benefits to a society. Accordingly, instead of having only the rich able

Information Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Information Security - Research Paper Example With the increase in the use of distributed computing, mobile computing and the fast growth in the adoption of internet for business communication, there is an increased need for information security. The adoption of these technologies exposes businesses to information theft and fraud through various attacks such as phishing, DoS and virus attacks. Without security for information, a business organization stands a chance of catastrophic disruptions through downtime in business critical systems. In the event of restoring such systems a business organization incurs unnecessary and unwanted costs. (Gordon & Loeb, 2002) Violation of privacy; business needs to be able to protect both customer and employee information, failure to which can result into legal actions and penalties. Financial loss; theft of commercial information such as business plans, intellectual property or customer contracts can financially damage a business organization. Immediate financial impacts can be felt by a business in case of a computer fraud by a staff member. The penalties and fines associated with failure to protect privacy of information about its customers including its staff severely damage the reputation and credibility of the business. Information security generally stresses on the preservation of three factors associated with information; confidentially, availability and integrity among others like authorization, authentication and non repudiation. Confidentiality is information secrecy preservation; that is ensuring that such information as financial projections, technical designs and business reports are only vied by authorized personnel. Integrity ensures that information has not been manipulated or tampered with; it ensures that information can be relied upon to be accurate to its purpose. The availability aspect of information security ensures that information is accessible to the authorized persons at the required time

Sports Equity and Inclusion in British Rowing

Sports Equity and Inclusion in British Rowing British Rowing: A critical review Rowing is a sport which involves propelling a boat on a body of water using oars to push against the water and produce a force to move the boat. Rowing itself can be recreational or competitive and competition in rowing can be traced back to Ancient Egypt. Modern rowing as a sport dates back to the 10th Century in London. The arrival of Boat Clubs, for example, the Leander club in England, and the formation of University and public school rowing teams, especially at Oxford, Cambridge, and Eton in the early 18th Century, propelled the popularity of the sport to other Universities and boat clubs around the globe including the U.S and Germany (Burnell, Page, 1997).   Rowing is also one of the oldest Olympic sports. Initially it was part of the 1896 Olympics but the racing could not go ahead due to bad weather. Since 1900 it has been present at every Olympic Games with competitions ranging from individual races (single scull) to eight-person shells (coxed eight). Rowing has also had women participants from 1976 and Paralympic athletes from 2008 (Olympic Studies Centre, 2015). Despite being an amateur sport, rowing in Britain has always reflected the division of social classes by being synonymous with the more upper classes. Sugden, Tomlinson (2000) support this by suggesting that involvement in Henleys boating regatta can be a clear sign of high social status. Social classes, in their most basic form can be described as a division of a society based on social and economic status (English | Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). Later in the report I will analyse this further using different theories and concepts. During the rise in popularity of sports in Britain in the 18th century some sports, for example, football and Rugby, were more associated with the working and lower middle classes and other sports, for example, tennis and golf, where more associated with the upper middle and upper classes (Wilson, 2002). This can be attributed to all cultural consumption, including sports consumption, which requires the right tastes and preferences as well as knowledge and skills. This is called cultural capital. (Bourdieu, 1986, cited in Holt, 1998). Cultural capital is defined by access to cultural processes and products. These include the way by which educational, social and intellectual knowledge can used to advantage the social and economic position of a particular individual or group (Bourdieu, 1986, cited in Beedie, Craig, 2010, p. 268). The access to higher levels of educational knowledge in the 18th Century was achieved through the public schools which required fees to attend. Therefore, th ey attracted students from more economically advanced backgrounds and wealthy families that could afford the fees. These included schools like Westminster, Harrow, and the previously mentioned Eton (UK Parliament, 2017). As rowing was only available at boat clubs, universities, and public schools, all of which were out of reach to all but the ruling class, rowing became the preserve of the higher classes. People in poverty and low social classes, therefore, found it harder to participate in the sport. Rowing in England today is governed by British Rowing. The organisation was founded in 1882 and oversees both indoor and on-water rowing. They are responsible for the development of rowing in England and the selection of crews and individual rowers that represent Great Britain. They are affiliated with the International Rowing Federation and the International Olympic Committee. British Rowing has roughly 30,000 individual members that range in age from 11 to over 80. Individual members are usually linked to one of 550 associated rowing clubs, which in turn are within ten rowing regions in England. Each region has a regional rowing council and representatives who represent them on British Rowings Council. The British Rowing Council is made up of the members of the Board, the Regional Chairmen, the Honorary President, the Honorary Rowing Safety Adviser, the Regional Representatives, Home Nations Representative, and Honorary Life Vice Presidents (Governance British Rowing, 2017). The m embers of the Board are the Directors of British Rowing who meet regularly to manage the business of the organisation. This is headed by the chairman, Annamarie Phelps, CBE. Together they create and govern the policies and initiatives of British Rowing. This report will look specifically at the Equity and Inclusion policies and initiatives for British Rowing. Equity is about being fair and impartial and examines inequalities resulting from race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, age, religion, or disability (Fletcher, Dashper, 2014). Being inclusive is about providing many different options to suit people of all ages, skills, and backgrounds, in the most appropriate manner that is possible. Therefore, Equity and Inclusion in sport can be defined as being fair and providing a range of opportunities for different people from different backgrounds to participate in sport. By being equitable and inclusive, a sporting organisation, or sport in general, can help to tackle inequalities that are present in wider society. In sociology and sport the idea of inequality has been broadly characterized and has been connected to different political ideologies. Inequality, as characterized from the right, is unavoidable, or is important for society to cope well. Conversely, from the left, inequality is a social detriment and ought to be killed by vote based or progressive means. This can mean democratically via policies and initiatives or even via revolution and forced change. As indicated by Donnelly (1996), Sport by its very nature, produces, and displays inequality. Early research proposed that sport reflected existing inequalities i.e., it was a microcosm of society. Regardless, more critical research of sport has since uncovered that, as opposed to being a passive component and simply reflecting inequality, sport, by means of social operators collaborations with sporting spaces, is effectively involved in creating, repeating, supporting and indeed, acts as a site for resistance when it comes to inequal ity (Dashper, Fletcher, 2013). Jarvie, Thornton (2012) add to this by stating that Inequality is often limited to two notions of inequality namely inequality of condition and inequality of opportunity. Inequality of condition refers to factors such as time, income, occupation, and education, whereas, inequality of opportunity focuses on the individual and the degree of freedom they may have. Equity and inclusion policies should aim to negate these inequalities. In order to correctly analyse the equity and inclusion policies and their impact on a group within society an organisational SWOT analysis will be conducted for British Rowing in regards to their Equity and Inclusion policies and initiatives (Appendix). A SWOT grid / matrix is a grid that highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with an organisation. The strengths are positive factors that are internal to the organisation and within their control. The weakness are also internal factors that may hinder the organisations ability to attain their goals. Opportunities are external factors that the organisation can use and take advantage of in order to progress. Threats are also external factors that could jeopardise the organisations progress.   Once the grid has been filled the information is analysed to ascertain the limitations and issues affecting the organisation. The benefits of a SWOT analysis are that it is cost free, quick and easy to use, anyone can conduct it, it can highlight strengths, weaknesses, deter threats, capitalise on opportunities, provide a better understanding of the organisation and help develop goals and strategies. There are, however, limitations to a SWOT analysis. A S WOT analysis cannot provide solutions, doesnt prioritise issues, it is open to human error, can produce a lot of useless information and doesnt address complex two sided factors that could be considered a strength or a weakness. Taking these into consideration I have listed 3-5 key points in each grid and will expand on them during the analysis. The first strength that was highlighted was that the British Rowing Equity Policy identified key principles in regards to equity in rowing. It stated that Sports Equity is about fairness in sport, equality of access, recognising inequalities and taking steps to address them. It involves changing the culture and structure of sport to ensure that it becomes equally accessible to all members of society (BRITISH ROWING EQUITY POLICY, 2014). It goes on to explain that no members will be treated differently due to certain factors (age, class, gender etc.) and that anyone can have an equal opportunity to participate. This shows that the equity policy has considered the two notions of inequality as previously discussed and that it will try to address these issues. The second strength highlighted was the implementation of an equity action plan to display their commitment to sports equity. The action plan is 5 points and one key point is the commitment to tackle under representation should eff ort be unevenly distributed. They also state the need to review the policy annually which is good practice. The third strength highlighted was the recognition of the legal requirements to be fair and equitable. This includes The Equality act: 2010 among others. The forth strength highlighted was the Adaptive rowing initiative designed to encourage people with disability to join rowing. Through this initiative, they also recruit people to participate in the Paralympics. This is an excellent strength and one that is surely equitable. The final strength was a statistic from 2013 showing that 52% of new recruits were men and 48% were women which displays a very even split between the two genders. This shows their equity policy is working to break down gender barriers as previous stats showed a 60/40 split in favour of men (British Rowing, 2013). The first weakness in the equity and inclusion initiatives was that participation from state schools remains low. 7% of the U.Ks school children are educated by independent schools but 54% of Great Britains elite rowers from the 2012 Olympic games were educated at independent schools. Those from state schools learnt almost entirely from boat clubs (Brown, 2016). The second weakness was that the cost of equipment/membership. Membership at clubs can be on average  £150-300 for a junior participant and even more for adults (Club rules, forms and prices, 2017 and Smithson, 2017). There is also a membership fee with British Rowing from  £17 for a junior to  £1150 for a lifetime membership. These fees may not be affordable for those who are struggling financially and who are in poverty and therefore the costs of the memberships act as a barrier to participation for those individuals. The final weakness is that equity policy states that British Rowing will publicise this to all employ ees, members, volunteers and officials through its website, Almanack, magazine and club mailings (BRITISH ROWING EQUITY POLICY, 2014). This is good to an extent but there is no mention of publicising its equity policy beyond its members and inner circles. By publicising its equity policy to a wider and more diverse audience in the public it is possible to encourage more participation from individuals that may not realise the opportunity is there to join the sport and that it is inclusive. The first opportunity highlighted was the increased popularity in rowing after the success of the 2012 Olympic games in London. British Rowing endured a spike in new recruits of 12.2% in the final 6 months of 2012 (British Rowing, 2013). British Rowing could take further advantage of this by specifically targeting certain groups in society that have low participation levels. The second opportunity is related to the first. It was that the one of the Olympic legacys goals were Promoting community engagement and achieving participation across all groups in society through the Games (London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Annual Report February 2011). The final opportunity is that rowing is one of Britains most successful sports. They have accumulated 68 medals, including 31 gold, in mens rowing alone at the Olympics, 3rd overall in the history of the games. This can inspire more people to join and be part of the sport. The first threat highlighted was that costs may remain high or even grow with inflation. Costs to participate is a barrier for individuals but the cost for state schools to build facilities and buy equipment, such as boat houses, indoor rowers, storage rooms etc., can be a major factor in state schools deciding not to become involved in rowing. Another threat is that, despite being one of Britains most successful sports, rowing still falls behind other sports such as football, rugby, tennis, cricket, badminton, swimming, and athletics, in terms of popularity (Russell, 2014). Other sports may be more appealing to new participants and sports that are played regularly at both state and independent schools will inevitably have higher participation levels and a more diverse participation pool. The final threat is that now that the 2012 Olympics is long over, and the buzz around rowing is diminishing, the opportunity to encourage state schools and people from social deprivation backgrounds to participate could be fading. From the SWOT analysis, we can see there are issues and challenges for people in social deprivation and in the lower classes of society. To fully understand the context and impact of this, definitions must be understood and sociological theory must be applied. Sociology, as defined by Giddens (2001), is the study of human social life, groups and societies. A theory is a framework for understanding, but it always develops within a particular cultural context and is always provisionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ theory provides us with a starting point for our understanding but it begs to be expanded, contradicted, refined, replaced (Birrell, 2000). Therefore, a sociological theory is a framework of understanding around the study of human social life, groups, and societies. Three key terms must also be understood and they are ideology, power, and politics. Ideology is the shared ideas or beliefs which serve to justify the interests of dominant groups (Giddens, 2001). Power is the ability of individ uals, or the members of a group, to achieve aims or further the interests they holdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Many conflicts in society are struggles over power (Giddens, Sutton, 2013, p. 584). Politics takes place wherever conflict exists about goals and the method of achieving those goals (Houlihan, 2002). The way in which society develops unequal layers based on wealth, income, status, and power is defined as social stratification (Beedie, Craig, 2010, p. 116). Karl Marxs Conflict Theory can be used to better understand the social stratification from the perspective of poorer groups and less powerful of people. Karl Marxs work on conflict theory can be best understood by taking into consideration the context of the social world in which he lived. He developed his work during the mid-19th Century, which was a time of deep political and social unrest, due to the rapid expanding system of industrial capitalism and the political and economic issues that accompanied it (Foster, 1979). These political and economic tensions helped to further divide society in the form of social classes, that competed against each other, forming a class conflict. The Marxist view on social class can be basically divided into two main groups but the reality is that there are at least four groupings, which Marx identified to a certain extent. They are the lumpenproetariat, the proletariat, the petite bourgeoisie, and the bourgeoisie. They can also be called the underclass, the working class, the middle class, and the upper class. Each have their own problems and goals and are interconnected and interdependent to a ce rtain degree. This makes it hard to allocate class labels at times as it be a fluid and elastic term that is ever changing. Nevertheless, Marx describes the upper class as the class in control of the means of production and the classes below are the ones that make these means possible by selling their labour for wages. This division of labour causes relationships between classes to become exploitative where the upper classes exploit the lower classes by maximising commodity production for profit rather than need. This profit driven ideology is based on and creates inequalities and these inequalities between the classes cause conflict. This relates back to the definition of power where by conflicts in society are struggles over power and that the groups that wield the most power (upper class) can further their aims and interests that they hold. This also then relates back to our definition of politics; that it takes place wherever conflict exists about goals. This explains why some o f the most powerful people in society are located at the summit of politics (Rigauer, Tomlinson, 2002). When applying this sport, it is important to understand, as previously mentioned, that sport can act as a microcosm of society and reflect the fractures and divisions within society. If modern sport was developed in the 19th Century in tandem with the rise of industrial capitalism, then it is understandable that the same divides and conflicts that were in society at the time were reflected in sport. Houlihan and Malcolm (2016) add to this and state that Sport reflects and reproduces the ideologies of capitalism like aggressive individualism, ruthless competition, elitismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦These ideasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in sport, reflect the broader structure of capitalist society. Having considered the historical context of rowing at the beginning of the report, it is clear to see how Sugden, Tomlinson (2000) suggested that rowing was a sport more associated with the upper classes. As rowing as a competitive sport began to form in independent schools, which became less and less accessible to the lower classes with the rise of industrial capitalism, the only class with the opportunity to participate in the sport were the upper classes that attended the high fee paying schools and as a result rowing, with its lack of lower class members became a sport for the upper class in the 19th century.   Beedie, Craig (2010) support this with an example of the town of Bedford. Bedford is a town with a tradition for rowing due to the River Ouse which flows near it. The grass roots entry points to rowing here were dominated by the fee paying independent schools and thus, any school children from state schools wishing to get involved in rowing had a very little oppor tunity to do so. They go on to state that rowing does not reflect the cosmopolitan diversity of social groups living in Bedford, but instead remains populated by those privileged educationally. Despite conflicts of social classes being less volatile and society being more integrated in the modern era of sport, the class divide in British Rowing is still clear to see. Of the 12 board members in British Rowing, only 2 attended state schools and of all the elite athletes that represented GB, 54% were educated in independent schools. Despite the organisations significant steps to improving inclusion for disability and female participants, it still has an identity as an upper-class sport. This could be further explained again using Marxism as Marx suggests that the ruling elite à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦controls the means of mental production (Storey, 1993). If the people in charge of British Rowing and the lead figures and elite athlete are constantly coming from upper class backgrounds, then the image and idea of rowing being an upper-class sport cannot be changed. As I have previously mentioned, equity and inclusion polices should seek to negate the inequalities associated with that spo rt. One of those inequalities was highlighted as a lack of opportunity for people in poverty and the lower classes as poverty is at the core of exclusion (Collins, Kay, 2014). To combat this inequality and exclusion, I recommend that British Rowing should seek to reach out to other organisations to form a partnership with the goal of bringing more water sports to state schools. Craig, Mellor (2010) state that the recognition of, and involvement in, common activities enables and promotes social cohesion. Therefore, if more and more people from poverty and social deprivation backgrounds can have a better opportunity to participate in rowing it would improve relations between social classes even more and help to alleviate any barriers. For British Rowing, it will also provide a much larger pool of athletes to choose for elite level competition, for example the Olympics, and this could boost Great Britains success in the sport even further. They have proven that initiatives for specific populations (Female, Disability etc.) can improve participation and success in those groups and further effort for people in poverty could boost participation for that group a lso. Other potential means of improving participation could be to place a cap on membership fees so that they cant rise to a level that will become unaffordable to more people. Reaching out to state schools and providing them with equipment would be highly costly to the organisation. As sport becomes more commercialised and media heavy it is perhaps an option for British Rowing to negotiate a TV or sponsorship deal to raise capital for initiatives to improve equity and inclusion in their sport. Events at the Olympics and The Boat Race are the two main televised rowing events. As The Boat Race is one day per year and events at the Olympics only come once every 4 years, opportunity to highlight the sport to wider audience is not as frequent as some of the sports competitors. Staging exhibition races or creating completions for television could get more regular coverage and help to spread interest in rowing and also raise funds for initiatives to improve equity and inclusion. As sport not only reflects society but also helps to shape it, by using rowing to break down social barriers within the sport, and within social groups, society too may be effected in a positive way. Breaking down these barriers will help to provide more opportunities for participation and to be more fair and equal.